CapitalBudapest
Population9,855,745
Area93,028 km²
GDP per capita$40,700
LanguagesHungarian, English, German, Russian, French, Romanian, other
Currencyforints
Life Expectancy76.0 yr
Governmentparliamentary republic
Introduction
Background
In the year A.D. 1000, Hungary established itself as a Christian kingdom and, for numerous centuries, functioned as a defensive barrier against the expansion of Ottoman Turkish forces into Europe. Eventually, this kingdom became integrated into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which disintegrated during the First World War. Following World War II, the nation came under communist governance. In response to a Hungarian uprising and the declaration of its exit from the Warsaw Pact in 1956, Moscow executed a large-scale military intervention. Under Janos KADAR's leadership in 1968, Hungary commenced the process of economic liberalization, which was characterized by the introduction of what became known as "Goulash Communism." The country conducted its inaugural multiparty elections in 1990 and embarked on the transition to a free market economy. Hungary became a member of NATO in 1999 and joined the European Union five years later.
Geography
Area
land
89,608 sq km
water
3,420 sq km
total
93,028 sq km
Climate
temperate climate characterized by cold, overcast, and humid winters; warm summers
Terrain
predominantly flat terrain with rolling plains; hills and low mountains located along the Slovakian border
Land use
other
20.9% (2023 est.)
forest
22.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
55.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
Location
situated in Central Europe, to the northwest of Romania
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
Tisza River 78 m
highest point
Kekes 1,014 m
mean elevation
143 m
Irrigated land
1,331 sq km (2022)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
2,106 km
border countries
Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography - note
landlocked; strategically positioned on key land routes connecting Western Europe to the Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean region; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers segment the country into three major areas
Natural resources
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soil, cultivable land
Area - comparative
slightly less in area than Virginia; approximately the same size as Indiana
Geographic coordinates
47 00 N, 20 00 E
Population distribution
a relatively even population distribution across most of the nation, with urban centers drawing larger and denser populations
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s)
Lake Balaton - 590 sq km
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
People & Society
Languages
Languages
Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)
major-language sample(s)
A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (including Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no response 40.1% (2022 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.03 male(s)/female
total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.69 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
14.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
42.8 years
total
45.1 years (2025 est.)
female
46.7 years
Population
male
4,812,668
total
9,855,745 (2024 est.)
female
5,043,077
Nationality
noun
Hungarian(s)
adjective
Hungarian
Tobacco use
male
33.7% (2025 est.)
total
28.5% (2025 est.)
female
23.8% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)
15-64 years
63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over
21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)
Ethnic groups
Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
56.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
22.8 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
33.6 (2024 est.)
Physician density
3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
7.8% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
5 deaths/1,000 live births
total
4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.29% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.78 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a relatively uniform distribution across much of the nation, with urban centers drawing larger and denser populations
Life expectancy at birth
male
72.9 years
female
79.3 years
total population
76 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26.4% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.4 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.3% (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2023 est.)
total
16 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)
Environment
Climate
mild; chilly, overcast, moist winters; hot summers
Geoparks
global geoparks and regional networks
Bakony-Balaton; Bukk Region; Hungary; Novohrad-Nógrád (comprising Slovakia) (2024)
total global geoparks and regional networks
4 (2024)
Land use
other
20.9% (2023 est.)
forest
22.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
55.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
3.781 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
31% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
atmospheric and terrestrial contamination; aquatic pollution resulting from industrial activities and extensive agriculture
Total water withdrawal
municipal
660 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial
3.758 billion cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
548.613 million cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
Antarctic-Environmental Protection
Government
Flag
description: three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), white, and green
meaning: folklore assigns values to the colors: red symbolizes strength, white represents faithfulness, and green signifies hope; alternatively, red can denote the blood shed to defend the land, white for freedom, and green for pastoral lands
history: the flag originates from the national movements of the 18th and 19th centuries, combining the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of France's flag
Capital
name
Budapest
etymology
In 1873, Buda, located on the western bank of the Danube, and Pest, on the eastern bank, unified to create Budapest; the name Buda may come from its founder's name or a local term meaning "water;" Pest is believed to derive from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"
time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time
+1hr, starts on the last Sunday in March and concludes on the last Sunday in October
geographic coordinates
47 30 N, 19 05 E
Suffrage
18 years of age, or 16 if married and the marriage is registered in Hungary; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
dual citizenship recognized
yes
residency requirement for naturalization
8 years
Constitution
history
previously established in 1949 (significantly revised in 1989 after the end of communism); latest version approved on 18 April 2011, signed on 25 April 2011, effective from 1 January 2012
amendment process
can be introduced by the president of the republic, the government, parliamentary committees, or members of Parliament; requires a two-thirds majority vote from Parliament members and the president's approval to pass
Country name
former
Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic
etymology
the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes migrating to the Eastern European steppes in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a term that evolved into "Hungari," initially meaning an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian term Magyarorszag translates to "Country of the Magyars," possibly derived from the name of the dominant Hungarian tribe
local long form
none
local short form
Magyarorszag
conventional long form
none
conventional short form
Hungary
Independence
16 November 1918 (proclamation of the republic); significant earlier dates include: 25 December 1000 (coronation of King STEPHEN I, considered the traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (establishment of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy)
Legal system
civil legal system influenced by the German framework
Government type
parliamentary republic
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (comprised of the president, vice president, heads of departments, with a maximum of 113 judges, organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor divisions; Constitutional Court (composed of 15 judges, including the court's president and vice president)
subordinate courts
5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
judge selection and term of office
Curia president is elected by the National Assembly on the president's recommendation; other Curia judges are appointed by the president based on the National Judicial Council's recommendation, a separate body with 15 members; judges serve based on interim evaluations until the mandatory retirement age of 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the court president, are elected by the National Assembly; the court's vice president is chosen by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms, with a mandatory retirement at age 62
Executive branch
cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
chief of state
President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
election results
2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5
2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51
head of government
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
most recent election date
president: 26 February 2024
prime minister: 3 April 2022
election/appointment process
the president is indirectly elected by the National Assembly with a two-thirds majority vote in the first round or a simple majority in the second round for a 5-year term (eligible for re-election); the prime minister is elected by the National Assembly based on the president's recommendation
expected date of next election
president: spring 2029
prime minister: April or May 2027
National holiday
Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)
National color(s)
red, white, green
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Budapest, which includes the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)
Political parties
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP
Democratic Coalition or DK
Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd
Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP
Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik
LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP
Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM
Momentum Movement or Momentum
Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik
National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ
On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján
Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk
TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA
Legislative branch
chamber name
National Assembly (Orszaggyules)
term in office
4 years
number of seats
199 (all directly elected)
electoral system
mixed system
legislature name
National Assembly (Országgyülés)
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
4/3/2022
expected date of next election
April 2026
percentage of women in chamber
15.6%
parties elected and seats per party
Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)
National anthem(s)
title
"Himnusz" (Hymn)
history
adopted 1844
lyrics/music
Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
National symbol(s)
Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)
Administrative divisions
19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyéi jogú városok, singular - megyéi jogú város), and 1 capital city (főváros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 966-8135
chancery
1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone
[1] (202) 362-6730
consulate(s)
Houston, Miami
chief of mission
Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)
consulate(s) general
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
email address and website
[email protected]
https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[36] (1) 475-4248
embassy
Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
telephone
[36] (1) 475-4400
mailing address
5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://hu.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction
Economy
Budget
revenues
$69.793 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures
$80.429 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2022
$158.98 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$166.503 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
Imports 2022
$167.262 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$154.077 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (notably pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Labor force
4.954 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2022
75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2022
2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
forints (HUF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
307.997 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
303.141 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
372.596 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
353.088 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
365.691 (2024 est.)
Economic overview
high-income EU and OECD nation; gradual recovery from the recession of 2024 fueled by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include significant fiscal deficits, halted access to EU funding, and risks associated with export dependence; instituting tax breaks, price controls, and mortgage interest limitations in advance of the 2026 elections
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
3.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
4.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
4.5% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$40,700 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$40,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$40,700 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
-0.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
0.5% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022
-$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$5.074 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$222.905 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
49.1% (2023 est.)
government consumption
19.9% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
25.6% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
80.8% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-76.3% (2023 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.1% (2021 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food
16.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
14.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
17.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.7% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
-2.5% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$390.513 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$387.223 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$389.207 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
14.8% (2024 est.)
total
14.1% (2024 est.)
female
13.1% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$41.219 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$45.719 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$46.422 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
23.9% (2024 est.)
services
59.7% (2024 est.)
agriculture
2.4% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%
2.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%
24.4% (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
30.2 (2022 est.)
Energy
Coal
exports
115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports
452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
production
4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption
4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves
2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production
36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves
12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption
179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Electricity
exports
8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports
19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption
42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
14.829 million kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas
imports
8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
production
1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption
8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves
3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors
4 (2025)
Percent of total electricity production
48.8% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
1.92GW (2025 est.)
Electricity access
electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
wind
1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar
19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear
44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste
4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
92% (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
a combination of state-funded media and privately owned broadcasters; the five government-operated television channels along with the two principal private television stations serve as the primary national broadcasters; numerous specialized channels exist; the market for satellite and cable television is well-developed, with approximately two-thirds of the audience subscribing to these services; four state-funded radio networks; a significant number of local stations, which encompass commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio outlets; the transition to digital broadcasting was finalized in 2013 (2019)
Internet country code
.hu
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
2.693 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
28 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
10.2 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
104 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
3.56 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
37 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Airports
109 (2025)
Railways
total
7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified
Heliports
15 (2025)
Merchant marine
total
1 (2023)
by type
other 1
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HA
Military & Security
Military - note
The Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are tasked with safeguarding the nation's sovereignty, maintaining territorial integrity, and protecting its citizens, while also fulfilling Hungary's obligations to both the EU and NATO. Additionally, they play a role in various international peacekeeping initiatives under the United Nations. Significant responsibilities of the HDF include aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and supporting law enforcement agencies in border security.
Since 1999, Hungary has been a NATO member, viewing the collective defense provided by the Alliance as foundational to its security. This NATO membership is further enhanced by Hungary's relationship with the EU, particularly through its Common Security and Defense Policy. The HDF has taken part in numerous NATO-led security operations, including missions in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali. Hungary also hosts a NATO battlegroup consisting of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the United States, alongside NATO's Multinational Division Center, which serves as a command headquarters capable of overseeing a division-sized force (typically between 15,000 and 20,000 troops) during a crisis; these formations were established in response to Russian aggression toward Ukraine. Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional coalition that includes Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, aimed at fostering cultural, defense, and political collaboration (2025).
Military deployments
250 troops in Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 troops in Chad; 470 troops in Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025).
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2021
1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022
1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023
2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024
2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2025
2.1% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and security forces
Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): The HDF is structured as a joint force with a general staff overseeing commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support units (2025).
Military service age and obligation
The minimum age for voluntary military service is 18 years; conscription was abolished in 2005 (2026).
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
The HDF is equipped with a combination of Soviet-era and more contemporary NATO-compatible weaponry sourced from countries such as Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Türkiye, and the United States. In 2017, Budapest initiated a modernization initiative aimed at phasing out its Soviet-era arms in favor of advanced systems. Hungary has also prioritized enhancing its defense industrial capabilities (2025).
Military and security service personnel strengths
Approximately 30,000 personnel serve in active-duty military roles (2025).
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees
72,359 (2024 est.)
stateless persons
101 (2024 est.)
