CapitalPort-au-Prince
Population11,898,812
Area27,750 km²
GDP per capita$2,800
LanguagesFrench , Creole
Currencygourdes
Life Expectancy65.6 yr
Governmentsemi-presidential republic
Introduction
Background
The indigenous Taino, who resided on the island of Hispaniola at the time of Christopher COLUMBUS's arrival in 1492, were nearly exterminated by Spanish colonizers within a quarter of a century. In the early 17th century, the French established their presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain transferred control of the island's western third to the French, which eventually became Haiti. The French colony, which thrived on forestry and sugar-related industries, emerged as one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but it was heavily dependent on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and engaged in environmentally harmful practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE spearheaded a revolution among Haiti's nearly half a million enslaved individuals, resulting in the end of French dominion on the island. Following a protracted struggle, and under the direction of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti declared its independence in 1804, becoming the first nation globally to be governed by former slaves; however, it was compelled to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD as of March 2023) to France for over a century and faced international isolation for nearly 40 years. The United States officially recognized Haiti in 1862, but external economic influence and internal political turmoil led to the U.S. occupation of Haiti from 1915 to 1934.
Francois "Papa Doc" DUVALIER and subsequently his son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" DUVALIER presided over oppressive and corrupt regimes that governed Haiti from 1957 to 1971 and 1971 to 1986, respectively. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE became Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1991 and won a second term in 2000, but his initial term was interrupted by a coup after just a few months, and his second term was cut short in 2004. The assassination of President Jovenel MOÏSE in 2021 plunged the nation deeper into a state of extra-constitutional governance and exacerbated the country's increasing fragility. Subsequently, Ariel HENRY, who had been nominated by President MOÏSE shortly before his assassination, was appointed as prime minister.
On 29 February 2024, a notable escalation in gang violence occurred on the 20th anniversary of ARISTIDE's second ousting, following the announcement that HENRY would postpone elections until August 2025. HENRY’s return from an overseas trip was rerouted to Puerto Rico due to the closure of the airport amid gang violence. With significant control over much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gang leaders demanded the removal of HENRY’s administration. By mid-March, the ongoing violence in Haiti, HENRY’s inability to return, and mounting international pressure compelled HENRY to announce his intention to resign. On 25 April 2024, HENRY officially tendered his resignation, and a nine-member Transitional Presidential Council took charge, tasked with restoring stability to the nation and organizing elections. Since January 2023, Haiti has lacked any sitting elected officials.
The nation has historically endured numerous natural disasters. In 2010, a devastating earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale struck Haiti, with its epicenter located approximately 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. This disaster resulted in an estimated 300,000 fatalities and left around 1.5 million people homeless. The earthquake was regarded as the most severe in the region in 200 years. In 2021, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake impacted Haiti’s southern peninsula, leading to over 2,000 deaths and leaving approximately 500,000 individuals in need of emergency humanitarian assistance. Haiti stands as the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere and is also among the most unequal in terms of wealth distribution.
Geography
Area
land
27,560 sq km
water
190 sq km
total
27,750 sq km
Climate
tropical; semiarid in regions where eastern mountains obstruct trade winds
Terrain
predominantly rugged and hilly
Land use
other
21.5% (2023 est.)
forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
65.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)
Location
Caribbean, the western third of Hispaniola, situated between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, to the west of the Dominican Republic
Coastline
1,771 km
Elevation
lowest point
Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point
Pic la Selle 2,674 m
mean elevation
470 m
Irrigated land
800 sq km (2013)
Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Land boundaries
total
376 km
border countries
Dominican Republic 376 km
Maritime claims
contiguous zone
24 nm
territorial sea
12 nm
continental shelf
to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Natural hazards
situated within the hurricane belt, vulnerable to intense storms from June through October; experiences occasional flooding and seismic activity; subject to intermittent droughts
Geography - note
shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic (Haiti occupies the western third, while the Dominican Republic encompasses the eastern two-thirds); it is recognized as the most mountainous country in the Caribbean
Natural resources
bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, cultivable land
Area - comparative
somewhat smaller than Maryland
Geographic coordinates
19 00 N, 72 25 W
Population distribution
relatively uniform distribution; largest populations concentrated in coastal regions
People & Society
Literacy
male
72.9% (2017 est.)
female
63.9% (2017 est.)
total population
68% (2017 est.)
Languages
Languages
French (official), Creole (official)
major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, a vital resource for fundamental information. (French)
The World Factbook, yon sous enpòtan pou enfòmasyon debaz. (Haitian Creole)
The World Factbook, the essential source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 estimate).
Sex ratio
at birth
1.01 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.77 male(s)/female
Birth rate
20.76 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
24.7 years
total
25.3 years (2025 est.)
female
25.3 years
Population
male
5,863,438
total
11,898,812 (2025 est.)
female
6,035,374
Nationality
noun
Haitian(s)
adjective
Haitian
Tobacco use
male
12.4% (2025 est.)
total
7.1% (2025 est.)
female
2.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
59.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
30.5% (male 1,790,061/female 1,794,210)
15-64 years
65.3% (male 3,787,782/female 3,887,791)
65 years and over
4.2% (2024 est.) (male 214,600/female 279,499)
Ethnic groups
Black 95%, mixed and White 5%
Child marriage
men married by age 18
1.6% (2017)
women married by age 15
2.1% (2017)
women married by age 18
14.9% (2017)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
52.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
45.8 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
15.4 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
6.5 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
3.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.39 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 42.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 67.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 57.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 32.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
13.2% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
40.2 deaths/1,000 live births
total
35 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
33.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.22% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.19 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
relatively balanced distribution; the largest populations are found near coastal regions.
Life expectancy at birth
male
63.8 years
female
67.4 years
total population
65.6 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
328 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 42.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 66.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 82.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 57.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 33.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 17.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.7% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.4 years (2016/7 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.6% (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
10.7% (2023 est.)
Environment
Climate
tropical; semiarid in regions where eastern mountains obstruct trade winds
Land use
other
21.5% (2023 est.)
forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
65.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
59.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
2.31 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
9.1% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
deforestation (vegetation removed for farming and utilized as fuel); soil degradation; insufficient drinking water and poor sanitation; natural calamities
Total water withdrawal
municipal
190 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
51 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
1.209 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
2.854 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
2.848 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
14.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified
Nuclear Test Ban
Government
Flag
description: features two equal horizontal stripes, blue on top and red below; a central white rectangle displays the coat of arms, which includes a palm tree surrounded by flags and two cannons above a scroll inscribed with the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
meaning: the colors derive from the French flag and symbolize the unity of various ethnic groups
Capital
name
Port-au-Prince
etymology
the name means "the port of the prince" and probably came from a ship called The Prince that anchored in the bay in the early 18th century
time difference
UTC-5 (aligns with Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time
+1hr, commencing on the second Sunday of March; concluding on the first Sunday of November
geographic coordinates
18 32 N, 72 20 W
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti
dual citizenship recognized
yes
residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Constitution
history
many prior versions exist; the most recent was adopted on 10 March 1987, with significant amendments made in June 2012
amendment process
amendments can be proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed changes necessitates a two-thirds majority support in both chambers; approval requires at least two-thirds of those present and two-thirds of the votes cast; ratified amendments take effect following the inauguration of the next president of the republic; constitutional provisions regarding the democratic and republican structure of government are immutable
Country name
etymology
originates from the Arawak term Ayti, which translates to "Land of Mountains," initially used for the entire island of Hispaniola
local long form
République d'Haïti (French)/Repiblik d Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
local short form
Haïti (French)/ Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
conventional long form
Republic of Haiti
conventional short form
Haiti
Independence
1 January 1804 (from France)
Legal system
civil law system significantly influenced by the Napoleonic Code
Government type
semi-presidential republic
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of 12 judges)
subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrate's courts; land, labor, and children's courts
judge selection and term of office
judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly
Executive branch
cabinet
The Cabinet is selected by the prime minister in consultation with the president; the parliament must endorse the Cabinet and the governing policies proposed by the prime minister
chief of state
President (vacant)
election results
2016: Jovenel MOÏSE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOÏSE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOÏSE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%
head of government
Prime Minister Alix Didier FILS-AIMÉ (in office since 10 November 2024)
most recent election date
20 November 2016
election/appointment process
the president is elected directly through a popular vote requiring an absolute majority, conducted in two rounds if necessary, for a five-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term)
expected date of next election
30 August 2026
National holiday
Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
National color(s)
blue, red
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers
Political parties
Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Emancipation (Ligue Alternative pour le Progrès et l’Emancipation Haïtienne) or LAPEH
Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH or Mochrenha
Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH
Combat of Peasant Workers to Liberate Haiti (Konbit Travaye Peyizan Pou Libere Ayiti) or Kontra Pep La
Convention for Democratic Unity or KID
Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA
December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm
Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS (coalition includes KID and PPRH)
Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED
Democratic and Popular Sector (Secteur Démocratique et Populaire) or SDP
Democratic Unity Convention (Konvansyon Inite Demokratik) or KID
Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD
Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP
Fanmi Lavalas or FL
Forward (En Avant)
Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (Fusion Des Sociaux-Démocrates Haïtiens) or FHSD
G18 Policy Platform (Plateforme Politique G18)
Haiti in Action (Ayiti An Aksyon Haiti's Action) or AAA
Haitian Tet Kale Party (Parti Haitien Tet Kale) or PHTK
Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN
Lavni Organization or LAVNI
Lod Demokratik
Love Haiti (Renmen Ayiti) or RA
MTV Ayiti
National Consortium of Haitian Political Parties (Consortium National des Partis Politiques Haitiens) or CNPPH
National Shield Network (Reseau Bouclier National)
Organization of the People's Struggle (Oganizasyon Pep Kap Lite) or OPL
Patriotic Unity (Inite Patriyotik) or Inite
Platform Pitit Desalin (Politik Pitit Dessalines) or PPD
Political Party for Us All or Bridge (Pont) or Pou Nou Tout
Popular Patriotic Dessalinien Movement (Mouvement Patriotique Populaire Dessalinien) or MOPOD
Rally of Progressive National Democrats (Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes) or RDNP
Respe (Respect)
Women and Families Political Parties (Defile Pati Politik Fanm Ak Fanmi)
Legislative branch
legislature name
National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
legislative structure
bicameral
National anthem(s)
title
"La Dessalinienne" (The Dessalines Song)
history
adopted in 1904; named in honor of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, the founder of Haiti
lyrics/music
Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD
National symbol(s)
Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower
Administrative divisions
10 departments (départements, singular - département); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name
Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Députés)
term in office
4 years
number of seats
119 (all directly elected)
electoral system
plurality/majority
scope of elections
full renewal
most recent election date
8/9/2015 to 10/25/2015
expected date of next election
August 2026
percentage of women in chamber
0%
parties elected and seats per party
Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (7); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (6); Fanmi Lavalas (6); Patriotic Unity Party (Inite Patriyotik) (4); People's Struggle Party (OPL) (7); Other (24)
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name
Senate (Sénat)
term in office
6 years
number of seats
30 (all directly elected)
electoral system
plurality/majority
scope of elections
partial renewal
most recent election date
11/20/2016 to 1/29/2017
expected date of next election
August 2026
parties elected and seats per party
Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Truth (Vérité) (3); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (2); Bouclier (2); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (2); Other (10)
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 745-7215
chancery
2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 332-4090
chief of mission
Ambassador Lionel DELATOUR (since 11 June 2025)
consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York
email address and website
[email protected]
https://www.haiti.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[011] (509) 2229-8027
embassy
Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince
telephone
[011] (509) 2229-8000
mailing address
3400 Port-au-Prince Place, Washington, DC 20521-3400
chief of mission
Ambassador (currently vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Henry T. WOOSTER (since 12 June 2025)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://ht.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt
Economy
Budget
revenues
$1.179 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures
$1.527 billion (2020 est.)
Exports
Exports 2021
$1.272 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022
$1.355 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$1.095 billion (2023 est.)
Imports
Imports 2021
$5.048 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022
$5.451 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$5.303 billion (2023 est.)
Industries
textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly utilizing imported components
Labor force
5.281 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2016
33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2021
19.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
18.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
18.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
93.51 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
89.227 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
115.631 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
141.036 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
131.811 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023
$1.865 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
a small island economy in the Caribbean and a member of the OECS; facing extreme poverty and inflation; severe income disparity; persistent civil unrest following a recent presidential assassination; US preferential market access; highly receptive to foreign direct investment
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
14.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
14.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
15.1% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
USA 82%, Canada 4%, Mexico 2%, France 2%, India 2% (2023)
Imports - partners
USA 31%, Dominican Republic 23%, China 14%, Indonesia 4%, India 3% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$3,000 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$3,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$2,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
-1.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
-1.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
-4.2% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
sugarcane, cassava, plantains, bananas, mangoes/guavas, avocados, maize, tropical fruits, rice, vegetables (2023)
Exports - commodities
garments, essential oils, scrap iron, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, bedding (2023)
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, rice, garments, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2021
$87.656 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022
-$491.954 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$682.57 million (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$25.224 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
99.8% (2024 est.)
government consumption
5.7% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
9.9% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
3.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-18.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
34% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
36.8% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
26.9% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
-4.7% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$35.059 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$34.406 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$32.971 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
30% (2024 est.)
total
37.5% (2024 est.)
female
47.1% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.173 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$2.586 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$2.718 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
33.4% (2024 est.)
services
48.3% (2024 est.)
agriculture
15.9% (2024 est.)
Energy
Coal
imports
5.7 metric tons (2022 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption
19,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
consumption
861 million kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
472,000 kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
152 million kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas
imports
3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption
3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Electricity access
electrification - rural areas
1.2% (2019 est.)
electrification - urban areas
83%
electrification - total population
49.3% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
3.486 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
solar
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
81.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
18.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
39% (2019 est.)
Broadcast media
There are 398 licensed broadcasting stations, which comprise approximately 60 community radio stations; 105 television stations, including 36 located in Port-au-Prince, 41 in other provincial areas, and over 40 radio-television stations; a significant number of these stations function irregularly or violate regulations; the VOA Creole Service transmits daily on 30 affiliated stations (2019)
Internet country code
.ht
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
1,360 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
7.5 million (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
65 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
35,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Transportation
Ports
large
0
small
0
medium
1
key ports
Cap-Haïtien, Jacmel, Miragoâne, Petit-Goâve, Port-au-Prince
very small
4
total ports
5 (2024)
ports with oil terminals
1
Airports
17 (2025)
Heliports
2 (2025)
Merchant marine
total
4 (2023)
by type
general cargo 3, other 1
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HH
Military & Security
Military - note
Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received some training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, France, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of swaths of territory, including much of the capital Port-au-Prince, since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021
in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; other countries pledging forces included the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2025)
Military and security forces
the Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH): Army
Ministry of Justice and Public Security: Haitian National Police (Police Nationale d'Haïti or PNH) (2025)
Military service age and obligation
individuals aged 18-25 are eligible to enlist in the FAdH (2023)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
in recent years, assistance has been provided to the Haitian security forces in the form of equipment, including vehicles, from countries such as Canada, Taiwan, UAE, and the US (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimates differ; there are up to 2,000 trained military members (the force aims to eventually reach approximately 5,000 personnel); estimates for the National Police range from a minimum of 9,000 to a maximum of about 13,000 (2025)
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
Gran Grif; Viv Ansanm
Transnational Issues
Illicit drugs
USG identification
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)
Trafficking in persons
tier rating
Unique Situation; for further information, visit: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/haiti/
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs
1,041,229 (2024 est.)
refugees
5 (2024 est.)
