CapitalGaborone
Population2,521,534
Area581,730 km²
GDP per capita$18,100
LanguagesSetswana, Sekalanga, Shekgalagadi, English, Zezuru/Shona, Sesarwa, Sembukushu, Ndebele, other
Currencypulas
Life Expectancy66.4 yr
Governmenta parliamentary republic
Introduction
Background
In the early 1800s, multiple political entities in what is now Botswana were destabilized or destroyed by a series of conflicts and population movements in southern Africa. By the end of this period, the Tswana ethnic group, who also live across the border in South Africa, had become the most prominent group in the area. In 1852, Tswana forces halted the expansion of white Afrikaner settlers who were seeking to expand their territory northwards into what is now Botswana. In 1885, Great Britain claimed territory that roughly corresponds with modern day Botswana as a protectorate called Bechuanaland. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana, which means "land of the Tswana."
More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created an enduring democracy and upper-middle-income economy. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe MASISI assumed the presidency in 2018 after the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in 2019, and he is Botswana’s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Geography
Area
land
566,730 sq km
water
15,000 sq km
total
581,730 sq km
Climate
semi-arid with mild winters and scorching summers
Terrain
mainly characterized by flat to gently undulating tableland; located in the southwest is the Kalahari Desert
Land use
other
26.6% (2023 est.)
forest
27.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
45.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Location
Southern Africa, situated to the north of South Africa
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
highest point
Manyelanong Hill 1,495 m
mean elevation
1,013 m
Irrigated land
25 sq km (2014)
Major aquifers
Lower Kalahari-Stampriet Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin
Map references
Africa
Land boundaries
total
4,347.15 km
border countries
Namibia 1,544 km; South Africa 1,969 km; Zambia 0.15 km; Zimbabwe 834 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
experiences intermittent droughts; during August, seasonal winds from the west transport sand and dust throughout the country, which may impair visibility
Geography - note
landlocked; sparsely populated with the majority of inhabitants concentrated in the southern and eastern regions; the geography is largely influenced by the Kalahari Desert, which occupies approximately 70% of the nation, while the Okavango Delta contributes significant biodiversity as one of the largest inland deltas globally
Natural resources
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Area - comparative
slightly less extensive than Texas; nearly four times larger than Illinois
Geographic coordinates
22 00 S, 24 00 E
Population distribution
the majority of the population is located in the eastern part of the country, particularly around the capital city of Gaborone and the eastern urban center of Francistown; population density is notably low in other regions, particularly in the western Kalahari Desert.
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Indian Ocean drainage
Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
Orange (941,351 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s], Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Limpopo (shared with South Africa [s], Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 1,800 km; Okavango river mouth (shared with Angola [s], and Namibia) - 1,600 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
People & Society
Languages
Setswana 77.3%, Sekalanga 7.4%, Shekgalagadi 3.4%, English (official) 2.8%, Zezuru/Shona 2%, Sesarwa 1.7%, Sembukushu 1.6%, Ndebele 1%, other 2.8% (2011 estimate)
Religions
Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, other 1.4% (including Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim, Rastafarian), none 15.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 estimate)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.91 male(s)/female
total population
0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.66 male(s)/female
Birth rate
21.16 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
26 years
total
25.8 years (2025 est.)
female
28.3 years
Population
male
1,234,898
total
2,521,534 (2025 est.)
female
1,286,636
Nationality
noun
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Tobacco use
male
29.2% (2025 est.)
total
17.1% (2025 est.)
female
5.5% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
28.7% (male 355,583/female 348,863)
15-64 years
65.2% (male 759,210/female 837,752)
65 years and over
6.1% (2024 est.) (male 59,513/female 89,747)
Ethnic groups
Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, which includes Kgalagadi and individuals of European descent 7%
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
60.9 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
52.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
11.4 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
8.8 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
6.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 79.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 92.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 97.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 20.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 7.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 2.5% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
8.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
21.5% national budget (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
25.9 deaths/1,000 live births
total
27.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
21.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.32% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.34 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the majority of the population is mainly situated in the eastern region, particularly in and around the capital city Gaborone and the eastern city of Francistown; other regions of the country, particularly the Kalahari Desert in the west, exhibit low population density.
Life expectancy at birth
male
64.4 years
female
68.6 years
total population
66.4 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
155 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 63% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 86% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 94.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 37% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 14% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 5.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
2.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
5.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
269,000 GABORONE (capital) (2018)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
18.9% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
41.5% (2017 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
12 years (2021 est.)
total
12 years (2021 est.)
female
13 years (2021 est.)
Environment
Climate
semiarid; mild winters and sweltering summers
Land use
other
26.6% (2023 est.)
forest
27.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
45.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
1.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
841.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
26 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
144 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
210,900 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
21% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
overgrazing; land degradation; scarce freshwater supplies; air contamination
Total water withdrawal
municipal
129.327 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial
24.295 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
59.661 million cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
5.897 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
2.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
3.079 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
12.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
12.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Government
Flag
description: a light blue field featuring a horizontal black stripe edged in white across the center
meaning: the blue represents rainwater, while the black and white stripes signify racial harmony
Capital
name
Gaborone
etymology
the name is derived from GABORONE (circa 1825-1931), a chief of the Tlokwa tribe, meaning "it is not unbecoming"
time difference
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates
24 38 S, 25 54 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Botswana
dual citizenship recognized
no
residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Constitution
history
previously established in 1960 (before independence); most recent adoption was in March 1965, taking effect on 30 September 1966
amendment process
initiated by the National Assembly; approval requires two consecutive Assembly votes, with a minimum two-thirds majority needed in the final vote; amendments to constitutional clauses regarding fundamental rights and freedoms, governmental structure, and public services also necessitate majority approval in a referendum and the president's assent
Country name
former
Bechuanaland
etymology
the term Botswana translates to "Land of the Tswana," indicating the predominant ethnic group in the nation
local long form
Republic of Botswana
local short form
Botswana
conventional long form
Republic of Botswana
conventional short form
Botswana
Independence
30 September 1966 (from the UK)
Legal system
a mixed legal framework combining civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch system alongside customary and common law
Government type
a parliamentary republic
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
the judicial system includes a Court of Appeal and a High Court, each comprising a chief justice and other judges as determined by Parliament
subordinate courts
the judicial hierarchy includes an Industrial Court (with monthly sessions in the capital and three districts), Magistrates Courts (one in each district), a Customary Court of Appeal, a Paramount Chief's Court/Urban Customary Court, a Senior Chief's Representative Court, a Chief's Representative’s Court, and a Headman's Court
judge selection and term of office
chief justices of the Court of Appeal and High Court are appointed by the president, while the other judges are appointed by the president based on the recommendations of the Judicial Service Commission; all judges serve until the age of 70
Executive branch
cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
chief of state
President Duma BOKO (since 1 November 2024)
election results
BOKO's UDC secured 35 seats in the National Assembly, which subsequently elected BOKO as president
head of government
President Duma BOKO (since 1 November 2024)
most recent election date
31 October 2024
election/appointment process
the president is elected indirectly by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for reelection for a second term); the vice president is appointed by the president
expected date of next election
October 2029
National holiday
Independence Day (Botswana Day), celebrated on 30 September (1966)
National color(s)
light blue, white, black
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
2 (1 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Tsodilo Hills (c); Okavango Delta (n)
Political parties
Alliance of Progressives or AP
Botswana Congress Party or BCP
Botswana Democratic Party or BDP
Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF
Botswana Peoples Party or BPP
Botswana Republic Party or BRP
Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC (the coalition has, at various times, included the BPP, BCP, BNF, and other parties)
Legislative branch
chamber name
National Assembly
term in office
5 years
number of seats
69 (61 directly elected; 6 indirectly elected)
electoral system
plurality/majority
legislature name
Parliament
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
10/30/2024
expected date of next election
October 2029
percentage of women in chamber
9%
parties elected and seats per party
Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) (36); Botswana Congress Party (BCP) (15); Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF) (5); Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) (4); Other (1)
National anthem(s)
title
"Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land)
history
adopted 1966
lyrics/music
Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE
National symbol(s)
zebra
National coat of arms
the two zebras, representing the national symbol, support an elephant tusk symbolizing the country's wildlife and a head of sorghum that denotes agriculture; the three wavy blue bands illustrate the nation’s dependency on water, the cog wheels represent industry, and the bull’s head stands for the cattle sector; the coat of arms incorporates the national colors of light blue, white, and black; the motto, reflecting the scarcity of rain in the nation, is pula, meaning “let there be rain” in Setswana, the national language
Administrative divisions
comprises 10 districts and 6 town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Phikwe*, South East, Southern, Sowa Town*
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 244-4164
chancery
1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone
[1] (202) 244-4990
chief of mission
Ambassador Mpho Churchill MOPHUTING (since 18 September 2024)
email address and website
[email protected]
http://www.botswanaembassy.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[267] 318-0232
embassy
Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone
telephone
[267] 395-3982
mailing address
2170 Gaborone Place, Washington DC 20521-2170
chief of mission
Ambassador Howard A. VAN VRANKEN (since 24 May 2023)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://bw.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Economy
Budget
revenues
$5.474 billion (2024 est.)
expenditures
$6.296 billion (2024 est.)
Exports
Exports 2021
$7.861 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022
$8.914 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$6.398 billion (2023 est.)
Imports
Imports 2021
$9.25 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022
$8.826 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$7.228 billion (2023 est.)
Industries
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; beef processing; textiles
Labor force
1.173 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2020
19.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2021
0.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
0.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
pulas (BWP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
11.456 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
11.087 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
12.369 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
13.596 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
13.563 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023
$1.761 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
effective economic governance and financial oversight; diminishing diamond-based growth model; rapid decreases in poverty; elevated unemployment rates, particularly among young people; COVID-19 significantly contracted the economy, with a slow recovery; public sector wages have created fiscal strains
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
23.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
23.4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
23.2% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
UAE 27%, India 17%, Belgium 16%, South Africa 8%, USA 7% (2023)
Imports - partners
South Africa 65%, Namibia 8%, Canada 5%, China 3%, India 3% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$18,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$18,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$18,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
3.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
-3% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
root vegetables, beef, vegetables, sorghum, maize, game meat, milk, watermelons, goat milk, sunflower seeds (2023)
Exports - commodities
diamonds, copper ore, insulated wire, carbonates, cattle (2023)
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, diamonds, cars, flavored water, electricity (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2021
-$314.583 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022
-$232.122 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$116.727 million (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
19.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$19.401 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
45.3% (2024 est.)
government consumption
32.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
7.7% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
28.5% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
26% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-40.9% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
16.1% (2015 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
11.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
5.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.8% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
-13.5% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$45.498 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$46.957 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$45.553 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
39.8% (2024 est.)
total
43.9% (2024 est.)
female
48.6% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.279 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$4.756 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.456 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
29.4% (2024 est.)
services
63.5% (2024 est.)
agriculture
1.7% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%
1.4% (2015 est.)
highest 10%
42.9% (2015 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
54.9 (2015 est.)
Energy
Coal
exports
891,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports
300 metric tons (2023 est.)
production
2.242 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption
1.351 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves
1.66 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption
22,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
exports
2 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports
1.923 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption
3.879 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
758,000 kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
625.694 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity access
electrification - rural areas
25%
electrification - urban areas
95.5%
electrification - total population
75.9% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
32.443 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
solar
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
81% (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
There are 2 television stations, comprising 1 state-owned and 1 privately operated; a privately owned satellite television subscription service is accessible; additionally, there are 2 state-owned national radio stations and 4 privately owned radio stations that operate locally (2019)
Internet country code
.bw
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
83,200 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
4.13 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
164 (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
85,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Airports
122 (2025)
Railways
total
888 km (2014)
narrow gauge
888 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
A2
Military & Security
Military - note
The primary duties of the Botswana Defense Force (BDF) involve safeguarding the nation's sovereignty and territorial integrity in both land and aerial domains, maintaining national security and stability, and assisting civil authorities in domestic operations such as disaster response and anti-poaching efforts; additionally, the BDF engages in both regional and international security missions.
During the colonial era, Bechuanaland/Botswana lacked a standing military, with British colonial officials depending on small, lightly equipped constabularies, including the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, the Bechuanaland Border Police, and, by the early 1960s, the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); following independence in 1966, Botswana opted to militarize the PMU and assigned it the task of national defense instead of forming a traditional military force; however, instability in neighboring regions and numerous incursions by security forces from Rhodesia and South Africa during the 1960s and 1970s revealed the deficiencies of the PMU in national defense, prompting the creation of the BDF in 1977 (2025).
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2020
3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021
3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022
2.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023
2.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024
3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military and security forces
Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Arm Command, Defense Logistics Command (2025).
Military service age and obligation
Individuals aged 18-24 years (both men and women) are eligible for general recruitment and officer training; the age limit is extended to 18-40 for special entrant officers; there is no conscription (2025).
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
The BDF operates with a combination of predominantly older weaponry and equipment, mainly sourced from Western and European origins; in recent years, it has procured a limited quantity of newer armaments from various European nations and the United States (2025).
Military and security service personnel strengths
The estimated number of active personnel in the Botswana Defense Force is 10,000 (2025).
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs
99 (2023 est.)
refugees
823 (2024 est.)
