Environment
Moldova
Climate
mild winters, hot summers
Land use
other
13.8% (2023 est.)
forest
11.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
74.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 56.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 9.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
43.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
3.981 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
36.9% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
contamination of soil and water due to high reliance on agricultural chemicals; significant soil erosion and reduced soil fertility resulting from agricultural practices
Total water withdrawal
municipal
160 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
583 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
55 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
7.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
3.786 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
219,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
3.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
12.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
12.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol