Economy
Moldova
Budget
revenues
$5.197 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures
$6.037 billion (2023 est.)
Exports
Exports 2022
$5.981 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$5.866 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$5.717 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
Imports 2022
$10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$9.84 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$10.418 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
sugar refining, vegetable oil production, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry machinery, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, footwear, textiles
Labor force
1.358 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2023
34.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2022
14% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
12% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
10.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
17.322 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
17.68 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
18.897 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
18.164 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
17.792 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023
$2.637 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
upper middle-income economy located in Eastern Europe; growth sustained until disrupted by COVID-19; notable remittances; reliance on Russian energy and regional ties; exporter of agricultural products; workforce decline attributed to emigration and low birth rates
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
0.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
1.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
1.5% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$15,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$16,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$16,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
-4.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
0.1% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023)
Exports - commodities
insulated wire, clothing, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023)
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, automobiles, packaged medicines, plastic goods (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022
-$2.482 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$1.893 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
-$2.917 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
18.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$18.2 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
86.8% (2024 est.)
government consumption
17.9% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
1.1% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
20% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
31.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-57.3% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
31.1% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
28.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
13.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.7% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
3.3% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$38.835 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$39.301 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$39.342 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
3.4% (2024 est.)
total
3.3% (2024 est.)
female
3.3% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.474 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$5.453 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$5.484 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
16.8% (2024 est.)
services
62.3% (2024 est.)
agriculture
7.1% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%
4.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%
22.5% (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
25.9 (2022 est.)