Luxembourg: People & Society
Languages
Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Italian 3.6%, English 3.6%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 2.9%, other 10.8% (2021 est.)
Religions
Christianity (mainly Roman Catholic) 70.6%, Islam 2.3%, other (which includes Buddhism, indigenous religions, Hinduism, Judaism) 0.4%, non-religious 26.7% (2020 estimate)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.05 male(s)/female
total population
1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.66 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
39.4 years
total
40.1 years (2025 est.)
female
40.4 years
Population
male
338,702
total
671,254 (2024 est.)
female
332,552
Nationality
noun
Luxembourger(s)
adjective
Luxembourg
Tobacco use
male
22.1% (2025 est.)
total
21% (2025 est.)
female
19.9% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
92.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
16.7% (male 57,921/female 54,484)
15-64 years
67.1% (male 231,214/female 219,497)
65 years and over
16.1% (2024 est.) (male 49,567/female 58,571)
Ethnic groups
Luxembourgers 52.9%, Portuguese 14.5%, French 7.6%, Italian 3.7%, Belgian 3%, German 2%, Spanish 1.3%, Romanian 1%, others 14% (2022 estimate)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
46.6 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
23.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
4.3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
23.4 (2024 est.)
Physician density
2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.5% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
11% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
10.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.25 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
8.5% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
3.6 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.26% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.62 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the majority of the population resides in the southern region, close to the border with France
Life expectancy at birth
male
80.9 years
female
85.9 years
total population
83.4 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
4.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
4.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.6% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.1% (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
14 years (2022 est.)
total
14 years (2022 est.)
female
15 years (2022 est.)