Cuba Environment Overview
Climate
tropical climate; influenced by trade winds; dry period (November through April); wet period (May through October)
Land use
other
3.5% (2023 est.)
forest
34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
61.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 28% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
77.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
2.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
146.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
23 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
249.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
2.693 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
25.7% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
soil deterioration and desertification (caused by inadequate agricultural practices and natural calamities); loss of biodiversity; deforestation; pollution of air and water
Total water withdrawal
municipal
1.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
740 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
4.519 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
19.716 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
1.58 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
16,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
18.12 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
13.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
38.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Marine Life Conservation