Economy
Bahrain
Budget
revenues
$5.538 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures
$9.982 billion (2020 est.)
Exports
Exports 2022
$44.58 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$40.344 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$41.303 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
Imports 2022
$33.066 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$32.374 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$33.044 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
petroleum refining and processing, aluminum production, iron pelletizing, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repair, tourism
Labor force
913,300 (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2020
111.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2021
0% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
0.376 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
0.376 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
0.376 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
0.376 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
0.376 (2024 est.)
Economic overview
high-income, expanding Middle Eastern island economy; an exporter of oil and aluminum with diversification driven by services, construction, and manufacturing; a regional hub for finance and tourism; significant public debt due to reliance on oil revenues and a constrained tax base; susceptible to depletion of water reservoirs
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
1.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
1.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
1.2% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
UAE 16%, Saudi Arabia 15%, South Africa 8%, USA 6%, India 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 13%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11%, Brazil 8%, Australia 7% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$57,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$57,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$59,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
6.2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
3.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
3% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023)
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023)
Imports - commodities
iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022
$6.839 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$2.699 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$2.282 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
2.8% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$47.737 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
38.9% (2023 est.)
government consumption
14.6% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
1.8% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
27.5% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
87.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-70.1% (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food
13.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
0.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
3.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
0.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
0.9% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
0.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$87.781 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$91.185 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$93.937 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
2.5% (2024 est.)
total
5.2% (2024 est.)
female
12.4% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.775 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$5.118 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$4.949 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
43.4% (2023 est.)
services
51.9% (2023 est.)
agriculture
0.3% (2023 est.)