Environment
San Marino
Climate
Mediterranean climate characterized by mild to cool winters and warm, sunny summers
Land use
other
45% (2023 est.)
forest
16.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
38.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
97.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
17,200 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
45.1% (2016 est.)
Environmental issues
issues such as air pollution; urban development encroaching on rural agricultural lands; scarcity of water resources
Particulate matter emissions
9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution