Environment
Nigeria
Climate
diverse; equatorial in the southern region, tropical in the central area, and arid in the northern part
Land use
other
4.7% (2023 est.)
forest
19.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
76.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 40.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.6% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
54.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
362.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
729.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
2,794.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
1,991.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
27.615 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
4.7% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
pollution of urban air and water; swift deforestation; deterioration of soil; reduction of cultivable land; contamination of water, air, and soil due to oil spills
Total water withdrawal
municipal
5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
1.965 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
5.51 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
114.397 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
39.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
2.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
72.425 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
56 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
286.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Tropical Timber 2006