People & Society
Finland
Languages
Languages
Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (estimated 2022)
major-language sample(s)
World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (estimated 2022)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.03 male(s)/female
total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.79 male(s)/female
Birth rate
7.75 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.01 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
41.8 years
total
44 years (2025 est.)
female
44.9 years
Population
male
2,750,057
total
5,550,449 (2025 est.)
female
2,800,392
Nationality
noun
Finn(s)
adjective
Finnish
Tobacco use
male
21.7% (2025 est.)
total
18% (2025 est.)
female
14.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
85.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
16.2% (male 464,939/female 444,585)
15-64 years
60.3% (male 1,725,072/female 1,668,604)
65 years and over
23.5% (2024 est.) (male 583,645/female 739,569)
Ethnic groups
Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Estonian, Romani, Sami
Child marriage
women married by age 18
0.1% (2017)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
62.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
23.3 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
2.6 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
39 (2025 est.)
Physician density
3.61 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
10.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
3.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.28 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
6.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.1% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
2.3 deaths/1,000 live births
total
1.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
1.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.02% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.63 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
Most of the population is concentrated in the southern regions; the northern interior areas are largely uninhabited.
Life expectancy at birth
male
79.3 years
female
85.2 years
total population
82.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.76 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
1.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
8.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.91 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.5 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
57.1% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
18 years (2023 est.)
total
20 years (2023 est.)
female
21 years (2023 est.)