Environment
Finland
Climate
characterized as cold temperate; may approach subarctic conditions yet is relatively mild due to the moderating effects of the North Atlantic Current, the Baltic Sea, and an abundance of over 60,000 lakes
Geoparks
global geoparks and regional networks
Impact Crater Lake - Lappajarvi; Rokua; Lauhanvuori-Haemeenkangas; Saimaa; Salpausselka (2024)
total global geoparks and regional networks
4 (2024)
Land use
other
18.4% (2023 est.)
forest
74.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
7.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 7.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
85.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
3.124 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
35.4% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
minimal air pollution in metropolitan areas; some water contamination resulting from industrial effluents and agricultural chemicals; habitat destruction poses a risk to wildlife populations
Total water withdrawal
municipal
500 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
1.299 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
33.594 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
2.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
7.536 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
23.069 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
110 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements