Environment
Ethiopia
Climate
tropical monsoon characterized by significant topographic variations
Land use
other
42.2% (2023 est.)
forest
23.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
34.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 17.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
23.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
143.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
356.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
1,108.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
1,948.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
6.533 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
12.8% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
deforestation; excessive grazing; soil degradation; desertification; decline in biodiversity; water scarcity in certain regions due to water-intensive agricultural practices and inadequate management; industrial pollutants and pesticides leading to air, water, and soil contamination
Total water withdrawal
municipal
810 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
51.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
9.687 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
18.519 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
3.427 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
15.092 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
23.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
122 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Waste, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty