Environment
Niger
Climate
arid region; predominantly warm, parched, and dusty; tropical in the far southern area
Land use
other
62.4% (2023 est.)
forest
0.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
36.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 22.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
17.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
11.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
128.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
137.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
713.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
1.866 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
20.3% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation; desert expansion; water contamination; insufficient drinking water; wildlife species (including elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) endangered by poaching and loss of habitat
Total water withdrawal
municipal
193.247 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
38.654 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
2.351 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
3.132 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
52,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
622,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
2.457 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
59.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
34,050,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements