Environment
Namibia
Climate
arid region; high temperatures, low humidity; precipitation is infrequent and unpredictable
Land use
other
43.1% (2023 est.)
forest
9.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
47.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 46.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
54.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
0.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
13.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
2.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
193.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
256,700 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
19.6% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
diminution and deterioration of water and aquatic resources; desert expansion; land deterioration; reduction in biodiversity; illegal hunting of wildlife
Total water withdrawal
municipal
61.568 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
18.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
201 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
3.46 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
3.412 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
11.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
39.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements