Environment
Israel
Climate
temperate; characterized by hot and arid conditions in the desert regions of the south and east
Land use
other
68.5% (2023 est.)
forest
6.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
24.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 12.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 4.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 7.6% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
0.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
272.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
29.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
40.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
5.4 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
30.4% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
scarce cultivable land and constrained natural freshwater supplies; desertification; air contamination resulting from industrial activities and vehicular emissions; groundwater contamination due to industrial and household waste, as well as chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Total water withdrawal
municipal
1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
104.834 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
1.215 billion cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
64.401 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
24.066 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
11.542 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
28.793 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
20.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
1.78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Marine Biodiversity Protection