Environment
Greece
Climate
temperate; winters that are mild and wet; summers that are hot and dry
Geoparks
global geoparks and regional networks
Chelmos Vouraikos; Grevena - Kozani; Kefalonia-Ithaca; Lavreotiki; Lesvos Island; Meteora Pyli; Psiloritis; Sitia; Vikos - Aoos (2024)
total global geoparks and regional networks
9 (2024)
Land use
other
21.3% (2023 est.)
forest
36.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
41.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
80.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
5.615 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
22.4% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
air pollution; emissions from transportation and electricity generation; water contamination; coastal zone deterioration; biodiversity decline; disposal of municipal and industrial waste
Total water withdrawal
municipal
1.687 billion cubic meters (2022)
industrial
279.8 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
8.107 billion cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
62.06 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
6.617 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
10.794 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
44.649 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
68 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds