Environment
Ghana
Climate
tropical; warm and relatively arid along the southeastern coastline; hot and humid in the southwest region; hot and arid in the northern area
Land use
other
13.9% (2023 est.)
forest
30.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
55.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 20.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 11.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 22.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
59.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
28.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
134 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
164.9 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
166.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
3.538 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.3% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
drought conditions in the north; deforestation; excessive grazing; erosion of soil; poaching and destruction of habitats; pollution of water sources; insufficient access to safe drinking water
Total water withdrawal
municipal
299.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
95 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
1.07 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
20.822 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
7.366 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
107,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
13.349 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
43.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
56.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
Marine Life Conservation