Geography

Area

Climate

temperate climate characterized by cool summers and cold, overcast, humid winters

Terrain

The western region of Bohemia features rolling plains, hills, and plateaus encircled by low mountain ranges, while the eastern region of Moravia is predominantly hilly terrain

Land use

Location

Located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

Irrigated land

220 sq km (2022)

Map references

Europe

Land boundaries

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

flooding

Geography - note

note 1: landlocked; positioned strategically along some of the oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; the Moravian Gate serves as a traditional military passage between the North European Plain and the Danube River in central Europe

note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is recognized as the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave, reaching a depth of 519 m (1,703 ft); the survey is ongoing, and it may extend to depths of 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft)

Natural resources

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, and arable land

Area - comparative

approximately two-thirds the area of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Population distribution

a relatively uniform distribution throughout much of the nation, with the northern and eastern areas typically having higher urban densities

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Major rivers (by length in km)

Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km

note: [s] following the country name indicates river source; [m] following the country name indicates river mouth