Environment
Chad
Climate
tropical climate in the southern region, arid conditions in the northern region
Land use
other
57% (2023 est.)
forest
3.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
40% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 35.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
24.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
12 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
60.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
101.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
1,282.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
1.359 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
11.1% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
insufficient access to drinkable water; contamination of soil and water due to improper waste management in rural communities and substandard agricultural methods; desertification
Total water withdrawal
municipal
103.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
103.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
672.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
2.054 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
2 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
2.054 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
41.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
45.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Marine Dumping-London Convention