Environment
Burundi
Climate
equatorial; a high plateau characterized by significant altitude differences, ranging from 772 m to 2,670 m above sea level; the average yearly temperature fluctuates with altitude between 23 and 17 degrees Celsius, yet remains predominantly moderate; the average yearly precipitation is approximately 150 cm, featuring two wet seasons (February to May and September to November) and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)
Land use
other
5.2% (2023 est.)
forest
10.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
83.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 51.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 13.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
14.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
1.872 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
7.1% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
soil degradation resulting from overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture; deforestation; loss of wildlife habitats
Total water withdrawal
municipal
43.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial
15 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural
222 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
32,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
806,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
12.536 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban